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• The pits are constructed in brick line (much like a honeycomb to facilitate the liquid to flow out) or with perforated concrete tubes (e.g. pre-fabricated)
• A wooden or concrete slab to prevent people falling into them
• The pit shape can be circular or rectangular, but circular pits are morestable
• Pits should be placed symmetrically at the back of the latrine pan and have a minimal distance of the pit depth to prevent cross-contamination.
• If the spacing between the two pits is to be reduced, an impervious barrier should be provided between them

Aerobic biodegradation

• Forced aeration/ agitation is essential and is energy intensive
• Incomplete aeration (partial aerobic condition) leads to foul smell
• Not effective in pathogen inactivation
• Can not tolerate detergents/ phenyl
• Generates large amount of sludge
• Repeated addition of bacteria/ enzyme is required for the process
• Maintenance & recurring cost is high

Anaerobic biodegradation

• No aeration is required
• Complete anaerobic conditions
• More than 99% Pathogens inactivation
• Anaerobes can even degrade detergents/ phenyl
• Sludge generation is very less
• One time bacterial inoculation is enough
• Minimal maintenance & no recurring cost